dc.contributor.author | Corkery, John | |
dc.contributor.author | Streete, Peter | |
dc.contributor.author | Claridge, Hugh | |
dc.contributor.author | Goodair, Christine | |
dc.contributor.author | Papanti, Duccio G. | |
dc.contributor.author | Orsolini, Laura | |
dc.contributor.author | Schifano, Fabrizio | |
dc.contributor.author | Sikka, Kanav | |
dc.contributor.author | Körber, Sophie | |
dc.contributor.author | Hendricks, Amy | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-08-21T15:09:23Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-08-21T15:09:23Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-09-01 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Corkery , J , Streete , P , Claridge , H , Goodair , C , Papanti , D G , Orsolini , L , Schifano , F , Sikka , K , Körber , S & Hendricks , A 2019 , ' Characteristics of deaths associated with kratom use ' , Journal of Psychopharmacology , vol. 33 , no. 9 , pp. 1102-1123 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119862530 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0269-8811 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2299/21622 | |
dc.description | Submitted on 15 February 2019. Reviewers’ comments received 10 May 2019. Revision accepted 17 June 2019. Published early online 20 August 2019. Published with Volume, etc. 5 September 2019. | |
dc.description.abstract | Background: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) use has increased in Western countries, with a rising number of associated deaths. There is growing debate about the involvement of kratom in these events. Aims: This study details the characteristics of such fatalities and provides a ‘state-of-the-art’ review. Methods: UK cases were identified from mortality registers by searching with the terms ‘kratom’, ‘mitragynine’, etc. Databases and online media were searched using these terms and ‘death’, ‘fatal*’, ‘overdose’, ‘poisoning’, etc. to identify additional cases; details were obtained from relevant officials. Case characteristics were extracted into an Excel spreadsheet, and analysed employing descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: Typical case characteristics (n = 156): male (80%), mean age 32.3 years, White (100%), drug abuse history (95%); reasons for use included self-medication, recreation, relaxation, bodybuilding, and avoiding positive drug tests. Mitragynine alone was identified/implicated in 23% of cases. Poly substance use was common (87%), typically controlled/recreational drugs, therapeutic drugs, and alcohol. Death cause(s) included toxic effects of kratom ± other substances; underlying health issues. Conclusions: These findings add substantially to the knowledge base on kratom-associated deaths; these need systematic, accurate recording. Kratom’s safety profile remains only partially understood; toxic and fatal levels require quantification. | en |
dc.format.extent | 22 | |
dc.format.extent | 548148 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Journal of Psychopharmacology | |
dc.subject | Mitragynine | |
dc.subject | cause of death | |
dc.subject | characteristics | |
dc.subject | kratom | |
dc.subject | toxicology | |
dc.subject | Pharmacology | |
dc.subject | Psychiatry and Mental health | |
dc.subject | Pharmacology (medical) | |
dc.title | Characteristics of deaths associated with kratom use | en |
dc.contributor.institution | Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences | |
dc.contributor.institution | Centre for Clinical Practice, Safe Medicines and Drug Misuse Research | |
dc.contributor.institution | Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research | |
dc.contributor.institution | Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Unit | |
dc.contributor.institution | School of Life and Medical Sciences | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | |
dc.identifier.url | http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071493122&partnerID=8YFLogxK | |
rioxxterms.versionofrecord | 10.1177/0269881119862530 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | |
herts.preservation.rarelyaccessed | true | |