This article examines output types as manifestations of different concepts of research. We compare the UK academic scene to that of Brazil, identifying the former as responding ‘bottom-up’ to researcher needs and the latter ...

In this article we analyse architectural sketches as an example of how communities attribute value to activities and outputs. Sketching is both an ideational activity, of conceiving of things through the act of drawing, ...

In professional areas such as the creative and performing arts and design, the academic model of research has not been clearly articulated. This means that often the values held in advanced professional practice run counter ...

This article addresses two core problems in practice-based research: the identification of fundamental conditions and, therefore, the identification of actual examples. It is critical of the methods in many earlier case ...

This article considers the existence of a sub-group of academic research that is particular to areas of design practice: practice-based research [PbR]. This sub-group is widely recognized in Europe but is less well recognized ...

In professional areas in which there is an element of design practice such as architecture and urbanism, the paradigm of knowledge has not been clearly articulated in academia. However, the characteristics of the knowledge ...

In this paper we express our framing of supervision as preparation and training for professional practice as a researcher, rather than the culmination of tertiary education. Instead of discussing the supervisory activity, ...

In professional areas in which there is an element of design practice, such as architecture and urbanism, the academic model of knowledge has not been clearly articulated. This means that often the values held in professional ...

This paper examines one possible relationship of academic research and professional practice. It notes that this issue arises from particular national conditions that are not necessarily shared in different countries. As ...

The article addresses the criterion of rigor in the context of practice-based design. The authors propose to examine the problem of rigor in design research as illustrative of the more general problem of whether design ...