- UHRA Home
- Browsing by Author
Browsing by Author "Chilcott, Robert"
Now showing items 1-20 of 62
-
Absorption of the nerve agent VX (O-ethyl-S-[2(di-isopropylamino)ethyl] methyl phosphonothioate) through pig, human and guinea pig skin in vitro
Dalton, Christopher H.; Hattersley, Ian J.; Rutter, Stephen J.; Chilcott, Robert (2006-12)The physico-chemical properties of VX make the skin the most likely route of absorption into the human body. The development of effective medical countermeasures against such percutaneous threat agents relies on the use ... -
Biophysical measurements of human forearm, skin in vivo : effects of site, gender, chirality and time
Chilcott, Robert; Farrar, R. (2000-05)Background/aims: Measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin colour are biophysical techniques commonly used to measure the in vivo skin effects of cosmetics, topical medicaments and chemical irritants. The ... -
Captagon: Use and Trade in the Middle East
Al-Imam, Ahmed; Santacroce, Rita; Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres; Chilcott, Robert; Martinotti, G.; Bersani, Giuseppe; Corazza, Ornella (2017-05-31)Fenetheylline, a psychostimulant drug, often branded as Captagon, is a combination of amphetamine and theophylline. Since the cessation of its legal production in 1986, counterfeited products have been produced illicitly ... -
Classification of irritant/ non-irritant and corrosive chemicals using excised human skin in vitro
Stewart, C.A.; Turner, Rob B.; Brown, Marc; Traynor, M.J. (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014-04-14)Any chemical that is applied to the skin has the potential to induce a skin reaction. These reactions are complicated and are difficult to fully replicate in vitro and may exhibit species variations when reproduced in vivo. ... -
Clinical manifestations of VX poisoning following percutaneous exposure in the domestic white pig
Chilcott, Robert; Dalton, C. H.; Hill, I.; Davidson, C. M.; Blohm, K. L.; Hamilton, M. G. (2003-05)Nerve agents are a class of organophosphorus chemicals that inhibit certain cholinesterase enzymes (ChE). If untreated, percutaneous exposure to nerve agents, such as VX (O-ethyl-S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosph ... -
Closed cup vapor systems in percutaneous exposure studies : What is the dose?
Dalton, C. H.; Maidment, Michael P.; Jenner, J.; Chilcott, Robert (2006-04)Percutaneous vapor dosing studies have generally used saturated vapor concentration (SVC) measurements to estimate the exposure dose (Ct) of vapor produced from a volatile liquid within a closed system. The purpose of this ... -
Collection and characterisation of residual skin surface components obtained from sebum, sweat and epidermal lipids
Shetage, S.S.; Traynor, M.J.; Brown, Marc; Chilcott, Robert (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014-04-14)Collection and analysis of skin surface lipids or sebum has been reported in several previous studies where Sebutape™, polyurethane foam, cigarette paper and organic solvents were used to acquire samples, analysis of which ... -
Decontamination and Management of Contaminated Hair following a CBRN or HazMat Incident
Matar, Hazem; Tavares Pinhal, Andreia; Amer, Nevine; Barrett, Mark; Thomas, Elliot; Hughes, Philip; Larner, Joanne; Chilcott, Robert (2019-09)This in vitro study evaluated the “triple protocol” of dry decontamination, the ladder pipe system (a method for gross decontamination), and technical decontamination for the decontamination of hair following chemical ... -
Decontamination of multiple casualties who are chemically contaminated : a challenge for acute hospitals
Clarke, S.F.; Chilcott, Robert; Wilson, J.C.; Kamanyire, R.; Baker, D.J.; Hallett, A. (2008-03-01)Patients who have been contaminated by chemical compounds present a number of difficulties to emergency departments, in particular, the risk of secondary contamination of healthcare staff and facilities. The Department of ... -
Dermabrasion - a novel concept in the surgical management of sulphur mustard injuries
Rice, P.; Brown, Roger F. R.; Lam, D. G. K.; Chilcott, Robert; Bennett, N. J. (2000-02)Since its first use on the battlefields of Northern France during the First World War (1914-1918), sulphur mustard has remained a significant chemical threat to military forces around the world. Progress towards an effective ... -
Design and characterisation of a novel in vitro skin diffusion cell system for assessing mass casualty decontamination systems
Matar, H.; Larner, J.; Kansagra, S.; Atkinson, K. L.; Skamarauskas, J. T.; Amlot, R.; Chilcott, Robert (2014-06-30)The efficient removal of contaminants from the outer surfaces of the body can provide an effective means of reducing adverse health effects associated with incidents involving the accidental or deliberate release of hazardous ... -
Development of a cumulative irritation model for incontinence-associated dermatitis
Larner, J.; Matar, H.; Goldman, V. S.; Chilcott, Robert (2015-01-01)Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a painful yet preventable form of cumulative skin irritation prevalent amongst those with limited movement. Consequently, it has a significant impact on the quality of life for ... -
Development of haemostatic decontaminants for the treatment of wounds contaminated with chemical warfare agents. 1 : Evaluation of in vitro clotting efficacy in the presence of certain contaminants
Hall, Charlotte A.; Lydon, Helen L.; Dalton, Christopher H.; Chipman, J. Kevin; Graham, John S.; Chilcott, Robert (2015-05-01)The treatment of penetrating, haemorrhaging injuries sustained within a hazardous environment may be complicated by contamination with toxic chemicals. There are currently no specific medical countermeasures for such ... -
Development of haemostatic decontaminants for the treatment of wounds contaminated with chemical warfare agents. 2 : Evaluation of in vitro topical decontamination efficacy using undamaged skin
Dalton, Christopher H.; Hall, Charlotte A.; Lydon, Helen L.; Chipman, J. Kevin; Graham, John S.; Jenner, John; Chilcott, Robert (2015-05-23)The risk of penetrating, traumatic injury occurring in a chemically contaminated environment cannot be discounted. Should a traumatic injury be contaminated with a chemical warfare (CW) agent, it is likely that standard ... -
Development of haemostatic decontaminants for treatment of wounds contaminated with chemical warfare agents. 3: Evaluation of in vitro topical decontamination efficacy using damaged skin
Lydon, Helen L.; Hall, Charlotte A.; Dalton, Christopher H.; Chipman, J. Kevin; Graham, John S.; Chilcott, Robert (2017-06-13)Previous studies have demonstrated that haemostatic products with an absorptive mechanism of action retain their clotting efficiency in the presence of toxic materials and are effective in decontaminating chemical warfare ... -
The effect of disulphide bond disruption on the barrier integrity of the human nail
Baraldi, A.; Khengar, R.H.; Murdan, S.; Traynor, M.J.; Jones, S.A.; Brown, Marc (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014-04-14)Onychomycosis is the fungal infection of the nail and accounts for approximately 50% of all nail disorders [1]. The prevalence of onychomycosis is increasing and currently up to 10 % of people in the UK and US are reported ... -
Effect of ethnicity, gender and age on the amount and composition of residual skin surface components derived from sebum, sweat and epidermal lipids
Shetage, Satyajit; Traynor, M.J.; Brown, Marc; Raji, Mahad; Graham-Kalio, Diepiriyie; Chilcott, Robert (2014-02)Background/purpose: The superficial layer on the skin surface, known as the acid mantle, comprises a mixture of sebum, sweat, corneocyte debris and constituents of natural moisturizing factor. Thus, the phrase 'residual ... -
Efficacy of Different Hair and Skin Decontamination Strategies with Identification of Associated Hazards to First Responders
Larner, Joanne; Durrant, Adam; Hughes, Philip; Mahalingam, Devanya; Rivers, Samantha; Matar, Hazem; Thomas, Elliot; Barrett, Mark; Tavares Pinhal, Andreia; Amer, Nevine; Hall, Charlotte; Jackson, Toni; Catalani, Valeria; Chilcott, Robert (2019-07-19)Background: Established procedures for mass casualty decontamination involve the deployment of equipment for showering with water (such as the ladder pipe system [LPS] and technical decontamination [TD]). This necessarily ... -
The electrostability and electrically assisted delivery of an organophosphate pretreatment (physostigmine) across human skin in vitro
Rowland, C. A.; Chilcott, Robert (2000-08-10)Physostigmine is a tertiary carbamate that is utilised as a pretreatment against organophosphate intoxication. Oral delivery of physostigmine is not practical due to high first pass metabolism and short Elimination half ... -
Evaluation of a barrier cream against the chemical warfare agent VX using the domestic white pig
Chilcott, Robert; Dalton, C. H.; Hill, I.; Davison, C. M.; Blohm, K. L.; Clarkson, E. D.; Hamilton, M. G. (2005-07)The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel barrier cream formulation at reducing the percutaneous toxicity of a 2xLD(50) liquid challenge of nerve agent (VX). The study was conducted in vitro and in ...