Dispersal of conidia of Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis from infected lentil plants by simulated wind and rain

Abstract

Splash was shown to be an effective mechanism for short-range dispersal of conidia of Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, the cause of ascochyta blight of lentil. The dispersal gradients were well described by the power law model in its linear form, 1ny = 1na - b 1nx. In still air the slope of the linearized dispersal gradient, b, ranged from 2.83 to 4.07 and was steeper for 4.9 mm than for 3.9 mm incident drops. Nevertheless, for all drop sizes tested, fewer than 50% of the conidia were splashed more than 15 cm from the source. The pattern of conidium dispersal was similar for both drop sizes when horizontal windspeeds were 2.5 or 5 mis. Wind significantly decreased the value of b (range 2.35-2.43 at 25 m/s, 1.71-1.91 at 5 m/s) and increased by about 2 m the maximum distance that conidia in ballistic droplets were deposited. In addition, the experiments suggested two other potentially important mechanisms for dispersal of the pathogen over longer distances, namely conidia in small air-borne droplets and windblown leaflets.