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        The r-, p-, and nu p-Process

        Author
        Thielemann, Friedrich-Karl
        Dillmann, I.
        Farouqi, K.
        Fischer, T.
        Froehlich, C.
        Kelic-Heil, A.
        Korneev, I.
        Kratz, K.L.
        Langanke, K.
        Liebendoerfer, M.
        Panov, I. V.
        Martinez-Pinedo, G.
        Rauscher, T.
        Attention
        2299/14851
        Abstract
        The processes discussed in this review are three of the four nucleosynthesis processes involved in producing heavy nuclei beyond Fe (not counting the rp-process in Xray bursts). Opposite to the fourth process (the s-process), which operates in stellar evolution during He- and C-burning, they are all related to explosive burning phases, (presumably) linked to core collapse supernova events of massive stars. The (classical) p-process is identified with explosive Ne/O-burning in outer zones of the progenitor star. It is intitiated by the passage of the supernova shock wave and acts via photodisintegration reactions like a spallation process which produces neighboring (proton-rich) isotopes from pre-existing heavy nuclei. The reproduction of some of the so-called lighter p-isotopes with A <100 faces problems in this environment. The only recently discovered nu p-process is related to the innermost ejecta, the neutrino wind expelled from the hot proto-neutron star after core collapse in the supernova explosion. This neutrino wind is proton-rich in its early phase and reactions with neutrinos permit to overcome decay/reaction bottlenecks for the flow beyond the Fe-group, thus permitting the production of those p-isotopes, which face problems in the classical p-process scenario. The understanding of the r-process, being identified for a long time with rapid neutron captures - and passing through nuclei far from stability - is still experiencing major problems. These are on the one hand related to nuclear uncertainties far from stability (masses and half-lives), affecting the process speed and abundance peaks, on the other hand the site is still not definitely located, yet. Later neutron-rich, high entropy phases of the neutrino wind could permit its operation, other options include the ejection of very neutron-rich neutron star matter. Two different environments are required for a weak and a main/strong r-process, witnessed by observations of low metallicity stars.
        Publication date
        2010
        Published in
        Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics IV (NPAIV 2009)
        Published version
        https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/202/1/012006
        Other links
        http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14851
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