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        General self-motivation and strategy identification : Case studies based on Sokoban and Pac-Man

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        906989.pdf (PDF, 582Kb)
        Author
        Anthony, Tom
        Polani, D.
        Nehaniv, C.L.
        Attention
        2299/15376
        Abstract
        In this paper, we use empowerment, a recently introduced biologically inspired measure, to allow an AI player to assign utility values to potential future states within a previously unencountered game without requiring explicit specification of goal states. We further introduce strategic affinity, a method of grouping action sequences together to form "strategies," by examining the overlap in the sets of potential future states following each such action sequence. We also demonstrate an information-theoretic method of predicting future utility. Combining these methods, we extend empowerment to soft-horizon empowerment which enables the player to select a repertoire of action sequences that aim to maintain anticipated utility. We show how this method provides a proto-heuristic for nonterminal states prior to specifying concrete game goals, and propose it as a principled candidate model for "intuitive" strategy selection, in line with other recent work on "self-motivated agent behavior." We demonstrate that the technique, despite being generically defined independently of scenario, performs quite well in relatively disparate scenarios, such as a Sokoban-inspired box-pushing scenario and in a Pac-Man-inspired predator game, suggesting novel and principle-based candidate routes toward more general game-playing algorithms.
        Publication date
        2013-12-18
        Published in
        IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games
        Published version
        https://doi.org/10.1109/TCIAIG.2013.2295372
        Other links
        http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15376
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