dc.contributor.author | Wong, Jonathan | |
dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Yonglong | |
dc.contributor.author | Patidar, Ashish | |
dc.contributor.author | Vilar, Enric | |
dc.contributor.author | Finkelman, Malcolm | |
dc.contributor.author | Farrington, Kenneth | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-01-24T14:27:25Z | |
dc.date.available | 2017-01-24T14:27:25Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2016-10-20 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Wong , J , Zhang , Y , Patidar , A , Vilar , E , Finkelman , M & Farrington , K 2016 , ' Is Endotoxemia in Stable Hemodialysis Patients an Artefact? Limitations of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay and Role of (1→3)-β-D Glucan ' , PLoS ONE , vol. 11 , no. 10 , pp. e0164978 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164978 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1932-6203 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17554 | |
dc.description | Copyright: © 2016 Wong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Jonathan Wong, Yonglong Zhang, Ashis Patidar, Enric Vilar, Malcolm Finkelman, Ken Farrington, 'Is Endotoxemia in Stable Hemodialysis Patients an Artefact? Limitations of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay and Role of (1→3)-β-D Glucan', Plos, October 2016 The version of record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164978 | |
dc.description.abstract | BACKGROUND: Elevated blood endotoxin levels are frequently reported in the dialysis population and are strongly linked with inflammation, a major predictor of mortality. Virtually all studies have employed the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay to detect endotoxin. However this assay is not endotoxin-specific and can be activated by (1→3)-β-glucan (BG), a component of fungal cell walls leading to false positive signals. Very few studies have taken account of this. We examined the influence of BG-based activation of the LAL assay on the detection of endotoxemia in this setting. METHOD: We measured plasma endotoxin levels in 50 hemodialysis patients with and without the use of BG-blocking buffers. These buffers inhibit BG activation of the LAL assay to ensure that any signal detected is endotoxin-specific. Blood samples were measured for BG, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) to examine the association between endotoxin signals, BG and inflammation. RESULTS: Endotoxin signals were detected in 50% of patients. On repeat measurement with a BG-blocking buffer, all detected endotoxin signals were extinguished. No patient had detectable endotoxemia. Plasma BG levels were significantly elevated in 58% of patients and were higher in those with detectable endotoxin signals using the LAL assay without BG-blocking buffers (78vs.54pg/mL;p<0.001). Endotoxin signal and BG levels did not correlate with levels of TNF-α or IL-6. CONCLUSION: Use of the LAL assay for blood endotoxin detection in dialysis patients has its limitations due to high blood BG. Endotoxemia frequently reported in non-infected hemodialysis patients may be artefactual due to BG interference. | en |
dc.format.extent | 1577981 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | PLoS ONE | |
dc.title | Is Endotoxemia in Stable Hemodialysis Patients an Artefact? : Limitations of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay and Role of (1→3)-β-D Glucan | en |
dc.contributor.institution | School of Life and Medical Sciences | |
dc.contributor.institution | Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences | |
dc.contributor.institution | Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine | |
dc.contributor.institution | Basic and Clinical Science Unit | |
dc.contributor.institution | Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | |
rioxxterms.versionofrecord | 10.1371/journal.pone.0164978 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | |
herts.preservation.rarelyaccessed | true | |