dc.contributor.author | Chilcott, Robert | |
dc.contributor.author | Larner, Joanne | |
dc.contributor.author | Durrant, Adam | |
dc.contributor.author | Hughes, Philip | |
dc.contributor.author | Mahalingam, Devanya | |
dc.contributor.author | Rivers, Samantha | |
dc.contributor.author | Thomas, Elliot | |
dc.contributor.author | Amer, Nevine | |
dc.contributor.author | Barrett, Mark | |
dc.contributor.author | Matar, Hazem | |
dc.contributor.author | Pinhal, Andreia | |
dc.contributor.author | Jackson, Toni | |
dc.contributor.author | McCarthy-Barnett, Kate | |
dc.contributor.author | Reppucci, Joseph | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-07-29T11:08:57Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-07-29T11:08:57Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-06-01 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Chilcott , R , Larner , J , Durrant , A , Hughes , P , Mahalingam , D , Rivers , S , Thomas , E , Amer , N , Barrett , M , Matar , H , Pinhal , A , Jackson , T , McCarthy-Barnett , K & Reppucci , J 2019 , ' Evaluation of US Federal Guidelines (Primary Response Incident Scene Management [PRISM]) for Mass Decontamination of Casualties During the Initial Operational Response to a Chemical Incident ' , Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol. 73 , no. 6 , pp. 671-684 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.06.042 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0196-0644 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2299/21483 | |
dc.description.abstract | Study objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and operational effectiveness of US federal government guidance (Primary Response Incident Scene Management [PRISM]) for the initial response phase to chemical incidents. Methods The study was performed as a large-scale exercise (Operation DOWNPOUR). Volunteers were dosed with a chemical warfare agent simulant to quantify the efficacy of different iterations of dry, ladder pipe system, or technical decontamination. Results The most effective process was a triple combination of dry, ladder pipe system, and technical decontamination, which attained an average decontamination efficiency of approximately 100% on exposed hair and skin sites. Both wet decontamination processes (ladder pipe system and technical decontamination, alone or in combination with dry decontamination) were also effective (decontamination efficiency >96%). In compliant individuals, dry decontamination was effective (decontamination efficiency approximately 99%), but noncompliance (tentatively attributed to suboptimal communication) resulted in significantly reduced efficacy (decontamination efficiency approximately 70%). At-risk volunteers (because of chronic illness, disability, or language barrier) were 3 to 8 times slower than ambulatory casualties in undergoing dry and ladder pipe system decontamination, a consequence of which may be a reduction in the overall rate at which casualties can be processed. Conclusion The PRISM incident response protocols are fit for purpose for ambulatory casualties. However, a more effective communication strategy is required for first responders (particularly when guiding dry decontamination). There is a clear need to develop more appropriate decontamination procedures for at-risk casualties. | en |
dc.format.extent | 14 | |
dc.format.extent | 875508 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Annals of Emergency Medicine | |
dc.subject | Emergency Medicine | |
dc.title | Evaluation of US Federal Guidelines (Primary Response Incident Scene Management [PRISM]) for Mass Decontamination of Casualties During the Initial Operational Response to a Chemical Incident | en |
dc.contributor.institution | Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine | |
dc.contributor.institution | Centre for Research into Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology | |
dc.contributor.institution | Pharmaceutics | |
dc.contributor.institution | Toxicology | |
dc.contributor.institution | School of Life and Medical Sciences | |
dc.contributor.institution | Centre for Applied Clinical, Health and Care Research (CACHE) | |
dc.contributor.institution | Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | |
dc.identifier.url | http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052502032&partnerID=8YFLogxK | |
rioxxterms.versionofrecord | 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.06.042 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | |
herts.preservation.rarelyaccessed | true | |