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dc.contributor.authorCorkery, John
dc.contributor.authorMartinotti, Giovanni
dc.contributor.authorSchifano, Fabrizio
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-13T15:45:02Z
dc.date.available2022-09-13T15:45:02Z
dc.date.issued2022-08-30
dc.identifier.citationCorkery , J , Martinotti , G & Schifano , F 2022 , ' Contribution of drugs to drownings in Scotland, 1996-2020 ' , Current Neuropharmacology , vol. 21 , no. 11 , pp. 2217-2226 . https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666220830110758
dc.identifier.issn1570-159X
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-3849-817X/work/143863553
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2299/25765
dc.description© Bentham Science Publishers. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666220830110758
dc.description.abstractObjective Psychoactive substances use (including alcohol) can affect risk perception, leading to accidents and deaths. There is little detailed or up-to-date information on the role of drugs in United Kingdom (UK) drownings. This Scottish case-study aimed to fill this knowledge-gap. Methods Anonymised data for individual drug-poisoning related drownings registered in 1996-2020 were provided by the National Records of Scotland. Statistical analyses were undertaken for socio-demographics, ICD coding, cause of death, substances implicated. Results Death registrations rose from 7 in 2017 to over 20 in 2019-20. These deaths (n=160) accounted for <1% of all drug-related poisoning deaths; this proportion rose to record levels (c.1.5%) in 2019-20. Most deaths (69%) involved males. Mean age was 39.8 (range 16-81, SD 15.0) years. Main drug classes implicated were: opiates/opioids (41%); benzodiazepines (31%); stimulants (19%); antidepressants (14%); 57% of benzodiazepines were ‘designer’ drugs. Conclusions Scottish drownings associated with drug consumption are increasing. Central nervous system depressant drugs (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol) are often involved. ‘Designer’ benzodiazepines are a principal factor in increasing Scottish drug-related poisoning deaths; they may be partially responsible for increasing numbers of related drownings. Evidence-based strategies to further reduce the number of preventable drownings should include reference to the dangers of drugs.en
dc.format.extent449431
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofCurrent Neuropharmacology
dc.subjectDrowning
dc.subjectScotland
dc.subjectdrug-related
dc.subjectintoxication
dc.subjectFatal
dc.titleContribution of drugs to drownings in Scotland, 1996-2020en
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science
dc.contributor.institutionCentre for Health Services and Clinical Research
dc.contributor.institutionPsychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Unit
dc.contributor.institutionSchool of Life and Medical Sciences
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
dc.date.embargoedUntil2023-08-30
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.2174/1570159X20666220830110758
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review
herts.preservation.rarelyaccessedtrue


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