State of Social Marketing in Malaysia: Challenges and Reflections of a Multicultural Nation

Abstract

Background Malaysia uniquely brings together a melting pot of cultures and history from the Malay Archipelago, China and India connected by the South China Sea. Historically, Malaysia's role as a trade hub attracted diverse migrations, fostering its multi-ethnic identity. Post independence in 1957, Malaysia is governed by constitutional democracy, with a parliamentary system headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) and a 222-member Parliament. Amidst governance shifts and pandemic challenge, Malaysia aims for high-income status and ranks favourably in the Human Development Index. Primary social problems in the country Educational emphasis, work life balance and environmental challenges prompt scrutiny of the education system's role in shaping socio-economic landscapes. The emphasis on STEM (Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics) disciplines in education neglects active social engagement, hindering sufficient practical character development. Poor work-life balance and mental health issues have significantly impacted the productivity levels amongst Malaysians. Additionally, food waste, environmental pollution, and climate change present complex challenges, alongside inadequate concern and unsustainable practices contributing to environmental degradation and climate instability. Use of social marketing Comprehension of social marketing among Malaysians remains incomplete, with a notable focus on public awareness rather than fostering behavioural change. The initiatives addressing the issues in Malaysia should emphasize policy changes and social marketing effectiveness. However, more sustained efforts are required to create more supportive environments to foster collaboration among stakeholders. Inculcating human rights behaviour requires integrating social awareness into education and empowering grassroots movements. Practical efforts on educating, raising awareness and long-term support requires strong public and private partnership for success. These endeavours underscore the importance of comprehensive awareness and action to achieve environmental harmony and societal well-being rooted in the philosophies of the Social Marketing framework and benchmarks. Academic Stakeholders and activities Social marketing is often confused with social media marketing, thereby hindering its broader adoption. Academic endeavours publishing in the area seek to rectify this confusion and stress sustainability practices. Despite efforts from various stakeholders, presently there are no dedicated association nor academic program that functions solely on promoting social marketing concepts and ideals. Discussion and conclusion Challenges and opportunities of social marketing in Malaysia reveals significant misconceptions which hinders effective behaviour change program implementation. Addressing these challenges involves a multi-faceted approach encompassing education reform, policy refinement, social media engagement, and multicultural strategies. Collaboration between academia, government, and NGOs is essential for impactful societal change, necessitating structured educational courses and corporate involvement in sustainability initiatives. Keywords: Social marketing, Malaysia, education, work life balance, environment