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        The discovery of a very cool, very nearby brown dwarf in the Galactic plane

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        Author
        Lucas, P.W.
        Tinney, C. G.
        Burningham, B.
        Leggett, S. K.
        Pinfield, D.J.
        Smart, Richard
        Jones, H.R.A.
        Marocco, F.
        Barber, Robert J.
        Yurchenko, Sergei N.
        Tennyson, Jonathan
        Ishii, Miki
        Tamura, Motohide
        Day-Jones, Avril C.
        Adamson, Andrew
        Allard, France
        Homeier, Derek
        Attention
        2299/5566
        Abstract
        We report the discovery of a very cool, isolated brown dwarf, UGPS 0722−05, with the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Galactic Plane Survey. The near-infrared spectrum displays deeper H2O and CH4 troughs than the coolest known T dwarfs and an unidentified absorption feature at 1.275 μm. We provisionally classify the object as a T10 dwarf but note that it may in future come to be regarded as the first example of a new spectral type. The distance is measured by trigonometric parallax as d= 4.1+0.6−0.5 pc, making it the closest known isolated brown dwarf. With the aid of Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) we measure H−[4.5]= 4.71. It is the coolest brown dwarf presently known – the only known T dwarf that is redder in H−[4.5] is the peculiar T7.5 dwarf SDSS J1416+13B, which is thought to be warmer and more luminous than UGPS 0722−05. Our measurement of the luminosity, aided by Gemini/T-ReCS N-band photometry, is L= 9.2 ± 3.1 × 10−7 L⊙. Using a comparison with well-studied T8.5 and T9 dwarfs we deduce Teff= 520 ± 40 K. This is supported by predictions of the Saumon & Marley models. With apparent magnitude J= 16.52, UGPS 0722−05 is the brightest of the ∼90 T dwarfs discovered by UKIDSS so far. It offers opportunities for future study via high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy and spectroscopy in the thermal infrared.
        Publication date
        2010
        Published in
        Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
        Published version
        https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00927.x
        Other links
        http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5566
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