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        Early-type galaxies at large galactocentric radii - II. Metallicity gradients and the [Z/H]-mass, [alpha/Fe]-mass relations

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        kobayashi1006.1698v1.pdf (PDF, 935Kb)
        Author
        Spolaor, Max
        Kobayashi, Chiaki
        Forbes, Duncan A.
        Couch, Warrick J.
        Hau, George K. T.
        Attention
        2299/7411
        Abstract
        We present the results of a study of stellar population properties at large galactocentric radii of 14 low-mass early-type galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo clusters. We derive radial profiles of age, total metallicity [Z/H] and [alpha/Fe] abundance ratios out to similar to 1-3 effective radii by using nearly all of the Lick/IDS absorption-line indices in comparison to recent single stellar population models. We extend our study to higher galaxy mass via a novel literature compilation of 37 early-type galaxies, which provides stellar population properties out to one effective radius. We find that metallicity gradients correlate with galactic mass, and the relationship shows a sharp change in slope at a dynamical mass of similar to 3.5 x 10(10) M-circle dot. The central and mean values of the stellar population parameters (measured in r <= r(e)/8 and at r = r(e), respectively) define positive mass trends. We suggest that the low metallicities, almost solar [alpha/Fe] ratios and the tight mass-metallicity gradient relation displayed by the low-mass galaxies are indicative of an early star-forming collapse with extended (i.e. >= 1 Gyr), low-efficiency star formation, and mass-dependent galactic outflows of metal-enriched gas. The flattening of metallicity gradients in high-mass galaxies and the broad scatter of the relationship are attributed to merger events. The high metallicities and supersolar abundances shown by these galaxies imply a rapid, high efficiency star formation. The observed [Z/H]-mass and [alpha/Fe]-mass relationships can be interpreted as a natural outcome of an early star-forming collapse. However, we find that hierarchical galaxy formation models implementing mass-dependent star formation efficiency, varying initial mass function, energy feedback via active galactic nucleus and the effects due to merger-induced starbursts can also reproduce both our observed relationships.
        Publication date
        2010-10-11
        Published in
        Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
        Published version
        https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17080.x
        Other links
        http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7411
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