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dc.contributor.authorStaff, Kirsten
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Marc
dc.contributor.authorChilcott, Robert
dc.contributor.authorHider, Robert C.
dc.contributor.authorJones, Stuart A.
dc.contributor.authorKong, Xiao L.
dc.date.accessioned2012-04-16T12:57:56Z
dc.date.available2012-04-16T12:57:56Z
dc.date.issued2011-05-10
dc.identifier.citationStaff , K , Brown , M , Chilcott , R , Hider , R C , Jones , S A & Kong , X L 2011 , ' Ga(III) complexes-The effect of metal coordination on potential systemic absorption after topical exposure ' , Toxicology Letters , vol. 202 , no. 3 , pp. 155-160 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.017
dc.identifier.issn0378-4274
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2299/8323
dc.description.abstractThe handling of elemental gallium is not thought to be harmful, but this assumption does not consider metal coordination which readily occurs in physiological fluids. The aim of this work was to determine Ga(III) coordination behaviour in simple solutions and assess the effects of complex formation upon skin permeation in vitro. Ga(III) coordination was modelled using metal-ligand stability constants in silico and the permeation of the metal through human and porcine skin determined using four test conditions. Ga(III) was presented to the skin as: (1) Ga3+ ions; (2) a -ve citrate complex (Ga-neg); (3) a mixture of +ve and -ve complexes (Ga-mix) and (4) a mixture of +ve hydroxide complexes (Ga-pos). The permeability coefficient (Kp) of Ga(III) through human skin increased by almost 2 orders of magnitude when applied as free Ga3+ ions or a Ga-neg complex (the two most water soluble complexes), compared to Ga-mix or Ga-pos. This trend was not well modelled by porcine skin which proved to be less of a barrier to Ga(III) permeation compared to human skin (Kp = 2 x 10(-3) +/- 2 x 10(-4) cm h(-1)). Given the significant transdermal bioavailablity of Ga(III) demonstrated by this study, it would appear prudent to re-evaluate the dermal toxicity of this metal. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.en
dc.format.extent6
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofToxicology Letters
dc.subjectGallium
dc.subjectMetal coordination
dc.subjectSkin permeation
dc.subjectComplex
dc.subjectSKIN IN-VITRO
dc.subjectPERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION
dc.subjectGALLIUM NITRATE
dc.subjectSTRATUM-CORNEUM
dc.subjectPERMEATION
dc.subjectPORCINE
dc.subjectINVITRO
dc.subjectPERMEABILITY
dc.subjectPENETRATION
dc.subjectBARRIER
dc.titleGa(III) complexes-The effect of metal coordination on potential systemic absorption after topical exposureen
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Pharmacy
dc.contributor.institutionHealth & Human Sciences Research Institute
dc.contributor.institutionSchool of Life and Medical Sciences
dc.contributor.institutionCentre for Research into Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology
dc.contributor.institutionPharmaceutics
dc.contributor.institutionSkin and Nail Group
dc.contributor.institutionAirway Group
dc.contributor.institutionBioadhesive Drug Delivery Group
dc.contributor.institutionNanopharmaceutics
dc.contributor.institutionPharmaceutical Analysis and Product Characterisation
dc.contributor.institutionToxicology
dc.contributor.institutionCentre for Applied Clinical, Health and Care Research (CACHE)
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.017
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Review
herts.preservation.rarelyaccessedtrue


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