Transit timing observations from Kepler - III. : Confirmation of four multiple planet systems by a Fourier-domain study of anticorrelated transit timing variations

Steffen, Jason H., Fabrycky, Daniel C., Ford, Eric B., Carter, Joshua A., Desert, Jean-Michel, Fressin, Francois, Holman, Matthew J., Lissauer, Jack J., Moorhead, Althea V., Rowe, Jason F., Ragozzine, Darin, Welsh, William F., Batalha, Natalie M., Borucki, William J., Buchhave, Lars A., Bryson, Steve, Caldwell, Douglas A., Charbonneau, David, Ciardi, David R., Cochran, William D., Endl, Michael, Everett, Mark E., Gautier, Thomas N., Gilliland, Ron L., Girouard, Forrest R., Jenkins, Jon M., Horch, Elliott, Howell, Steve B., Isaacson, Howard, Klaus, Todd C., Koch, David G., Latham, David W., Li, Jie, Lucas, P.W., MacQueen, Phillip J., Marcy, Geoffrey W., McCauliff, Sean, Middour, Christopher K., Morris, Robert L., Mullally, Fergal R., Quinn, Samuel N., Quintana, Elisa V., Shporer, Avi, Still, Martin, Tenenbaum, Peter, Thompson, Susan E., Twicken, Joseph D. and Van Cleve, Jeffery (2012) Transit timing observations from Kepler - III. : Confirmation of four multiple planet systems by a Fourier-domain study of anticorrelated transit timing variations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), 421 (3). pp. 2342-2354. ISSN 0035-8711

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We present a method to confirm the planetary nature of objects in systems with multiple transiting exoplanet candidates. This method involves a Fourier-domain analysis of the deviations in the transit times from a constant period that result from dynamical interactions within the system. The combination of observed anticorrelations in the transit times and mass constraints from dynamical stability allow us to claim the discovery of four planetary systems, Kepler-25, Kepler-26, Kepler-27 and Kepler-28, containing eight planets and one additional planet candidate.