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        Transit timing observations from Kepler. IV : Confirmation of four multiple-planet systems by simple physical models

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        Author
        Fabrycky, Daniel C.
        Ford, Eric B.
        Steffen, Jason H.
        Rowe, Jason F.
        Carter, Joshua A.
        Moorhead, Althea V.
        Batalha, Natalie M.
        Borucki, William J.
        Bryson, Steve
        Buchhave, Lars A.
        Christiansen, Jessie L.
        Ciardi, David R.
        Cochran, William D.
        Endl, Michael
        Fanelli, Michael N.
        Fischer, Debra
        Fressin, Francois
        Geary, John
        Haas, Michael R.
        Hall, Jennifer R.
        Holman, Matthew J.
        Jenkins, Jon M.
        Koch, David G.
        Latham, David W.
        Li, Jie
        Lissauer, Jack J.
        Lucas, P.W.
        Marcy, Geoffrey W.
        Mazeh, Tsevi
        McCauliff, Sean
        Quinn, Samuel
        Ragozzine, Darin
        Sasselov, Dimitar
        Shporer, Avi
        Attention
        2299/8795
        Abstract
        Eighty planetary systems of two or more planets are known to orbit stars other than the Sun. For most, the data can be sufficiently explained by non-interacting Keplerian orbits, so the dynamical interactions of these systems have not been observed. Here we present four sets of light curves from the Kepler spacecraft, each which of shows multiple planets transiting the same star. Departure of the timing of these transits from strict periodicity indicates that the planets are perturbing each other: the observed timing variations match the forcing frequency of the other planet. This confirms that these objects are in the same system. Next we limit their masses to the planetary regime by requiring the system remain stable for astronomical timescales. Finally, we report dynamical fits to the transit times, yielding possible values for the planets' masses and eccentricities. As the timespan of timing data increases, dynamical fits may allow detailed constraints on the systems' architectures, even in cases for which high-precision Doppler follow-up is impractical.
        Publication date
        2012-05-10
        Published in
        The Astrophysical Journal
        Published version
        https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/114
        Other links
        http://hdl.handle.net/2299/8795
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