Output from culturally adapted and translated depression screening questionnaires with South Asian haemodialysis patients in England

Patients completed three depression screening tools which had been culturally-adapted and translated in the four most common South Asian languages spoken amongst haemodialysis patients in England: Gujarati, Punjabi, Urdu and Bengali. The depression screening tools used were the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R), and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). We also assessed the Whooley Questions recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as a brief screen for depression. Patients were approached about the study during visits for in-centre haemodialysis. Those interested were contacted by a bilingual project worker to explain the research further and to arrange participation. The project worker either handed patients the questionnaires to self-complete or supported them by reading out items and noting answers. All patients were offered the opportunity to take part in a follow-up diagnostic interview using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R). A comparative sample of white-European English-speaking patients completed the depression screening measures only. Data was collected between June 2015 - February 2017.