An Examination of the Influence of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Food Relationships in Adults Living with Diabetes

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is recognised as one of the most complex and demanding chronic illnesses, requiring continuous monitoring and decision-making for effective management. The management requirements of Type 1 DM (T1DM) and Type 2 DM (T2DM) differ in terms of daily treatment regimen complexity, associated health implications and overall burden of disease management. Technological innovations have emerged as valuable tools in supporting individuals with the self-management of DM. Flash and Continuous Glucose Monitors (FGM/CGM) are small devices worn on the upper arm which measure blood glucose levels and enable real-time monitoring, supporting glycaemic control. To date, most research on glucose monitoring technology has focused on their impact on the management of the physical health outcomes. There remains a notable gap in the literature regarding the psychological impact of such technologies, particularly in relation to their impact on individuals’ relationships with food and eating behaviours. Aims: This research aims to understand how people recently diagnosed with T1DM experience CGM and to examine the impact of CGM on users’ relationships with food and eating behaviours. Method: This study used a qualitative methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants. Data was analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Findings: Four main themes were constructed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. These were Empowerment and Autonomy, Data-Driven Diets, The Burden of Control, Re-imagining Diabetes. Implications: The findings are interpreted in light of relevant research and theory, with implications for future research and clinical practice. The findings from this study are helpful for ensuring people with TD1M receive adequate support to manage the psychological impacts of CGM technology.