The effects of resistance training on brain-related biomarkers, neurocognitive function, and physical capacity in older adults

A degree of neurodegenerative decline is a typical feature of the ageing brain; however, the extent of this decline can present significant health challenges. Currently, there are no effective preventative or curative treatments for many neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in a substantial burden on health-care systems. Evidence suggests that resistance-based exercise may be beneficial in delaying the onset of neurodegenerative disease and slowing disease progression (Akalp et al., 2025, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 126:105541). The aim of this study is to examine the effects of resistance training on brain-related biomarkers, neurocognitive function, and physical capacity in older adults. With institutional ethical approval, participants aged 50–80 years were recruited (currently n = 16, 63 ± 11 years, stature 1.68 ± 0.1 m, mass 74 ± 27 kg) and randomly assigned to either a resistance training group (RTG) or a control group (CG). The RTG are completing a 6-week resistance training intervention performed twice weekly, consisting of free-weight multi-joint exercises. The CG only perform their usual daily activities. All participants complete pre- and post-intervention assessments 6 weeks apart, including a battery of assessments comprising bioelectrical impedance analysis; blood plasma analysis using a nucleic acid–linked immune sandwich assay (NULISAseq) for central nervous system disease; cognitive function tests (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], Stroop Test, and Go/No-Go task) and physical assessments (handgrip strength, isometric squat strength and balance). Results will be analysed using linear mixed effects modelling to examine group, time and interaction effects. Protein concentrations from the NULISAseq assay will be log2-transformed and analysed using the same approach. Preliminary findings demonstrate a trend of increased performance in the RTG for strength (isometric squat baseline = 17.6 ± 4.1 N · kg−1; post = 19.6 ± 4.85 N · kg−1; hand grip baseline = 285 ± 163 N; post = 307 ± 167 N) balance (total excursion baseline 717 ± 333; post = 693 ± 82 mm) and global cognitive function (MoCA baseline = 27.3 ± 1.5; post 28.3 ± 0.5). Findings will help evaluate if resistance training can modulate brain-related biomarkers, neurocognitive function and physical capacity, critical factors for maintaining independence in older adults.