The case for transforming SME research in tourism implications for policy, theory, evidence and impact

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in tourism have attracted the attention of both policymakers and academic researchers. Yet, there is little evidence to suggest that the work of the former is influenced to a significant extent by the advances in knowledge claimed by the latter. Our critique, supported by a narrative review of the literature, is twofold. Firstly, that the literature contains a degree of conceptual inconsistency on matters of substance affecting SMEs and that this weakens the clarity of analysis offered by academic researchers. Secondly, there has been limited research progress made on issues offundamental importance to policymakers and that significant gaps in understanding of other topics relating to tourism SMEs remain. This paper seeks to enhance the ability of academic researchers to influence policymakers and the practice of SMEs by promoting the consistent use of foundational (or no longer contested) knowledge, reviewing where academic research has enhanced understanding and identifying research priorities. It demonstrates that a complex interplay of factors affects SME behaviour in various contexts and advocates greater innovation in theorising SMEs. The paper has implications for policymakers as well as for academic researchers.