Wideband mmWave Antenna for 5G Smartphone

This paper presents a compact, wideband antenna suitable for integration into 5G smartphones. Unlike conventional stacked or slot-based 5G antennas, the proposed design introduces an Edge-Loaded Parasitic patch surrounded by Yagi-Udainspired directors, enabling enhanced bandwidth and stable gain while maintaining a miniature footprint. The integration of a bottom-fed driven patch with a via-wall structure ensures improved impedance matching and reduced cross-polarisation. Surface current analysis confirms efficient excitation of TM modes with balanced radiation from both patches. In a 1×4 array configuration, the antenna achieves approximately 70% efficiency, supports beam steering up to ± 45°, and maintains a minimum realised gain of 8 dBi.