The Impact of Glucose Monitoring Devices on Relationships with Food and Eating Behaviour for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Literature

Abstract Background There is limited understanding of the impact of glucose monitoring technologies on relationships with food and eating behaviours for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aims With previous reviews focused on T2DM treatment burden and self-management, this review aims to enhance understanding of the impact of flash or continuous glucose monitoring (FGM/CGM) on users’ eating behaviours and relationships with food as this can inform important recommendations for CGM use amongst those with T2DM. Method A systematic search was conducted across four databases: Scopus, Medline, CINAHL and PubMed, from October-November 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were quality appraised and qualitative data was synthesized using thematic synthesis. Findings Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria and their findings were included in the synthesis. The review revealed that F/CGM enhanced participants’ nutritional awareness, supported personalised dietary experimentation, and fostered intentional eating behaviours. However, data overload and emotional burden were also reported, with some users experiencing restrictive or distressing impacts on their relationship with food. These insights inform practical recommendations for CGM implementation with those with T2DM. Conclusion Further research should aim to identify factors that contribute to successful adaptation to CGM and explore the long-term effects of CGM use on food relationships.