Homogeneously derived transit timings for 17 exoplanets and reassessed TTV trends for WASP-12 and WASP-4

Baluev, R. V., Sokov, E. N., Jones, H. R. A., Shaidulin, V. Sh, Sokova, I. A., Nielsen, L. D., Benni, P., Schneiter, E. M., D'Angelo, C. Villarreal, Fernández-Lajús, E., Sisto, R. P. Di, Baştürk, Ö., Bretton, M., Wunsche, A., Hentunen, V. -P., Shadick, S., Jongen, Y., Kang, W., Kim, T., Pakštienė, E., Qvam, J. K. T., Knight, C. R., Guerra, P., Marchini, A., Salvaggio, F., Papini, R., Evans, P., Salisbury, M., Garcia, F., Molina, D., Garlitz, J., Esseiva, N., Ogmen, Y., Karavaev, Yu, Rusov, S., Ibrahimov, M. A. and Karimov, R. G. (2019) Homogeneously derived transit timings for 17 exoplanets and reassessed TTV trends for WASP-12 and WASP-4. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), 490 (1). pp. 1294-1312. ISSN 0035-8711
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We homogeneously analyse ∼3.2 × 10 5 photometric measurements for ∼1100 transit light curves belonging to 17 exoplanet hosts. The photometric data cover 16 years (2004–2019) and include amateur and professional observations. Old archival light curves were reprocessed using up-to-date exoplanetary parameters and empirically debiased limb-darkening models. We also derive self-consistent transit and radial-velocity fits for 13 targets. We confirm the nonlinear transit timing variation (TTV) trend in the WASP-12 data at a high significance, and with a consistent magnitude. However, Doppler data reveal hints of a radial acceleration of about −7.5 ± 2.2 m s −1 yr −1, indicating the presence of unseen distant companions, and suggesting that roughly 10 per cent of the observed TTV was induced via the light-travel (or Roemer) effect. For WASP-4, a similar TTV trend suspected after the recent TESS observations appears controversial and model dependent. It is not supported by our homogeneous TTV sample, including 10 ground-based EXPANSION light curves obtained in 2018 simultaneously with TESS. Even if the TTV trend itself does exist in WASP-4, its magnitude and tidal nature are uncertain. Doppler data cannot entirely rule out the Roemer effect induced by possible distant companions.


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