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        Appraisal of measurement methods, chemical composition and sources of fine atmospheric particles over six different areas of Northern Belgium

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        Author
        Bencs, L.
        Ravindra, K.
        de Hoog, J.
        Spolnik, Z.
        Bleux, N.
        Berghmans, P.
        Deutsch, F.
        Roekens, E.
        Van Grieken, R.
        Attention
        2299/4922
        Abstract
        Daily and seasonal variation in the total elemental, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content and mass of PM2.5 were studied at industrial, urban, suburban and agricultural/rural areas. Continuous (optical Dustscan, standard tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM), TEOM with filter dynamics measurement system), semi-continuous (Partisol filter-sampling) and non-continuous (Dekati-impactor sampling and gravimetry) methods of PM2.5 mass monitoring were critically evaluated. The average elemental fraction accounted for 2-6 % of the PM2.5 mass measured by gravimetry. Metals, like K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were strongly inter-correlated, also frequently with non-metallic elements (P, S, Cl and/or Br) and EC/OC. A high OC/EC ratio (2-9) was generally observed. The total carbon content of PM2.5 ranged between 3-77 % (averages: 12-32 %), peaking near industrial/heavy trafficked sites. Principal component analysis identified heavy oil burning, ferrous/non-ferrous industry and vehicular emissions as the main sources of metal pollution.
        Publication date
        2010
        Published in
        Environmental Pollution
        Published version
        https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.012
        Other links
        http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4922
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