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Browsing University of Hertfordshire by Author "Chilcott, Robert"
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Evaluation of absorbent materials for use as ad hoc dry decontaminants during mass casualty incidents as part of the UK’s Initial Operational Response (IOR)
Chilcott, Robert; Kassouf, Nick; Syed, Sara; Larner, Joanne; Amlôt, Richard (2017-02-02)The UK's Initial Operational Response (IOR) is a revised process for the medical management of mass casualties potentially contaminated with hazardous materials. A critical element of the IOR is the introduction of immediate, ... -
Evaluation of barrier creams against sulphur mustard
Chilcott, Robert; Jenner, J.; Hotchkiss, S. A. M.; Rice, P. (2002)The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a range of passive and reactive barrier cream formulations against the chemical war-fare agent sulphur mustard (SM) using an in vitro diffusion cell system ... -
Evaluation of barrier creams against sulphur mustard: (II) in vivo and in vitro studies using the domestic white pig
Chilcott, Robert; Dalton, Christopher H.; Ashley, Zoe; Allen, Ceri E.; Bradley, Simon T.; Maidment, Michael P.; Jenner, John; Brown, Roger F. R.; Gwyther, Robert J.; Rice, Paul (2007)Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that barrier creams, comprising perfluorinated polymers, are effective against the chemical warfare agent sulphur mustard (SM) when evaluated using human skin in vitro. ... -
Evaluation of US Federal Guidelines (Primary Response Incident Scene Management [PRISM]) for Mass Decontamination of Casualties During the Initial Operational Response to a Chemical Incident
Chilcott, Robert; Larner, Joanne; Durrant, Adam; Hughes, Philip; Mahalingam, Devanya; Rivers, Samantha; Thomas, Elliot; Amer, Nevine; Barrett, Mark; Matar, Hazem; Pinhal, Andreia; Jackson, Toni; McCarthy-Barnett, Kate; Reppucci, Joseph (2019-06-01)Study objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and operational effectiveness of US federal government guidance (Primary Response Incident Scene Management [PRISM]) for the initial response phase to ... -
Exposure to UVB radiation does not directly impair skin barrier function
Dalton, C. H.; Chilcott, Robert (2001-11-01) -
Eyeing up the Future of the Pupillary Light Reflex in Neurodiagnostics
Hall, Charlotte; Chilcott, Robert (2018-03-13)The pupillary light reflex (PLR) describes the constriction and subsequent dilation of the pupil in response to light as a result of the antagonistic actions of the iris sphincter and dilator muscles. Since these muscles ... -
Further studies of the efficacy of military, commercial and novel skin decontaminants against the chemical warfare agents sulphur mustard, soman and VX
Matar, Hazem; Price, Shirley; Chilcott, Robert (2019-02-01)Background/Aims: Following an incident involving toxic chemicals, deployment of countermeasures before the arrival of specialised services at the scene may provide a “therapeutic” window in which to mitigate skin absorption. ... -
Ga(III) complexes-The effect of metal coordination on potential systemic absorption after topical exposure
Staff, Kirsten; Brown, Marc; Chilcott, Robert; Hider, Robert C.; Jones, Stuart A.; Kong, Xiao L. (2011-05-10)The handling of elemental gallium is not thought to be harmful, but this assumption does not consider metal coordination which readily occurs in physiological fluids. The aim of this work was to determine Ga(III) coordination ... -
Habituating pigs for in-pen, non-invasive biophysical skin analysis
Chilcott, Robert; Stubbs, B.; Ashley, Z. (2001-07)The purpose of this study was to develop a method for habituating pigs (Sus scrofa domcstica, middle white strain) to enable non-invasive, biophysical measurements of dorsal skin to be obtained on a daily basis over a ... -
Hair analysis for the detection of drug use – is there potential for evasion?
Marrinan, Shanna; Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres; Naughton, Declan; Levari, Emerlinda; Collins, John; Chilcott, Robert; Bersani, Giuseppe; Corazza, Ornella (2017-06-28)BACKGROUND: Hair analysis for illicit substances is widely used to detect chronic drug consumption or abstention from drugs. Testees are increasingly seeking ways to avoid detection by using a variety of untested adulterant ... -
Human skin absorption of bis-2-(chloroethyl)sulphide (sulphur mustard) in vitro
Chilcott, Robert; Jenner, J.; Carrick, W.; Hotchkiss, S. A. M.; Rice, P. (2000)The purpose of this study was to measure the absorption and intra-epidermal fate of S-35-radiolabelled sulphur mustard ((SM)-S-35) in human breast skin in vitro. Skin (full-thickness or heat-separated epidermis) was placed ... -
Hybrid in vitro diffusion cell for simultaneous evaluation of hair and skin decontamination: temporal distribution of chemical contaminants
Matar, Hazem; Amer, Nevine; Kansagra, Sneha; Pinhal, Andreia; Thomas, Elliot; Townend, Scott; Larner, Joanne; Chilcott, Robert (2018-11-15)Most casualty or personnel decontamination studies have focused on removing contaminants from the skin. However, scalp hair and underlying skin are the most likely areas of contamination following airborne exposure to ... -
The in vitro efficacy of haemostatic products in the presence of chemical warfare agents-Sulphur mustard (HD) and VX
Hall, Charlotte A.; Lydon, Helen L.; Dalton, Christopher H.; Chipman, J. Kevin; Chilcott, Robert; Graham, John S. (2009-07-28)Haemorrhage remains to be a leading cause of death for trauma victims (Bellamy, 1984). Wound contamination poses an additional complication in the initial management of haemorrhaging wounds, with no specific medical treatment ... -
In vitro skin absorption and decontamination of sulphur mustard : Comparison of human and pig-ear skin
Chilcott, Robert; Jenner, J.; Hotchkiss, S. A. M.; Rice, P. (2001)The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of an in vitro skin diffusion cell system as a model for assessing decontaminants against the chemical warfare agent sulphur mustard (SM). The in vitro absorption rates of SM ... -
In vivo decontamination of the nerve agent VX using the domestic swine model
Misik, Jan; Pavlik, Michal; Novotny, Ladislav; Pavlikova, Ruzena; Chilcott, Robert; Cabal, Jiri; Kuca, Kamil (2012-11)The purpose of this in vivo study was to assess a new, putatively optimised method for mass casualty decontamination ("ORCHIDS protocol") for effectiveness in removing the chemical warfare agent VX from the skin of ... -
In vivo skin absorption and distribution of the nerve agent VX (O-ethyl-S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate) in the domestic white pig
Chilcott, Robert; Dalton, C. H.; Hill, I.; Davison, C. M.; Blohm, K. L.; Clarkson, E. D.; Hamilton, M. G. (2005-07)The purpose of this study was to characterize the skin absorption and distribution of VX (O-ethyl-S-[2 (diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate) in the domestic pig in order to evaluate the animal as a potential ... -
Inter- and intralaboratory variation of in vitro diffusion cell measurements : An international multicenter study using quasi-standardized methods and materials
Chilcott, Robert; Barai, N; Beezer, A. E.; Brain, S I; Brown, Marc; Bunge, A L; Burgess, S E; Cross, S; Dalton, C H; Dias, M; Farinha, A; Finnin, B C; Gallagher, S J; Green, D M; Gunt, H; Gwyther, R L; Heard, C.M.; Jarvis, C A; Kamiyama, F; Kasting, G B; Ley, E E; Lim, S T; Mcnaughton, G S; Morris, A; Nazemi, M H; Pellett, M A; Du Plessis, J; Quan, Y S; Raghavan, S L; Roberts, M.; Romonchuk, W; Roper, C S; Schenk, D; Simonsen, L; Simpson, A; Traversa, B D; Trottet, L; Watkinson, A; Williams, F.M.; Wilkinson, S C; Yamamoto, A; Hadgraft, J. (2005-03)In vitro measurements of skin absorption are an increasingly important aspect of regulatory studies, product support claims, and formulation screening. However, such measurements are significantly affected by skin variability. ... -
Is ivrt alone sufficient to demonstrate 'sameness' of generic products?
Traynor, M.J.; Shetage, Satyajit S.; Wood, Daniel G.; Brown, Marc (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014-04) -
Managing mass casualties and decontamination
Chilcott, Robert (2014-11)Careful planning and regular exercising of capabilities is the key to implementing an effective response following the release of hazardous materials, although ad hoc changes may be inevitable. Critical actions which require ... -
Modified static diffusion cells for decontamination modelling
Larner, Joanne; Jones, David R.; Price, Shirley C.; Chilcott, Robert (2010-12-30)