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Now showing items 241-260 of 1038
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Disorders of compulsivity : A common bias towards learning habits
Voon, V.; Derbyshire, K.; Rück, C.; Irvine, M. A.; Worbe, Y.; Enander, J.; Schreiber, L. R. N.; Gillan, C.; Fineberg, N. A.; Sahakian, B. J.; Robbins, T. W.; Harrison, N. A.; Wood, J.; Daw, N. D.; Dayan, P.; Grant, J. E.; Bullmore, E.T. (2015-03-12)Why do we repeat choices that we know are bad for us? Decision making is characterized by the parallel engagement of two distinct systems, goal-directed and habitual, thought to arise from two computational learning ... -
Dispersing the Mists: An Experimental History of Medicine Study into the Quality of Volatile Inhalations
Murnane, Barry; Gallagher, Cathal; Snell, Noel; Sanders, Mark; Moshksar, Ramin; Murnane, Darragh (2017-06-01)Background: Dr. Nelson's Improved Inhaler was first marketed with an advertisement in The Lancet in 1865. Revolutionary at the time for its ease of use and patient-friendliness, the inhaler is still in use for self-treatment ... -
Disruption in the balance between goal-directed behavior and habit learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Gillan, Claire M.; Papmeyer, Martina; Morein-Zamir, Sharon; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Fineberg, Naomi; Robbins, Trevor W.; de Wit, Sanne (2011-07)Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive, ritualistic behaviors and thought patterns. Although patients with OCD report that these compulsive behaviors are unproductive and often ... -
Disruption of methylarginine metabolism impairs vascular homeostasis
Leiper, James; Nandi, Manasi; Torondel, Belen; Murray-Rust, Judith; Malaki, Mohammed; O'Hara, Bernard; Rossiter, Sharon; Anthony, Shelagh; Madhani, Melanie; Selwood, David; Smith, Caroline; Wojciak-Stothard, Beata; Rudiger, Alain; Stidwill, Ray; McDonald, Neil Q.; Vallance, Patrick (2007-02)Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) are endogenously produced amino acids that inhibit all three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)(1). ADMA accumulates in various disease states, ... -
Dissociative experiences of compartmentalization are associated with food addiction symptoms: results from a cross‐sectional report
Carbone, Giuseppe Alessio; De Rossi, Elena; Prevete, Elisabeth; Tarsitani, Lorenzo; Corazza, Ornella; Massullo, Chiara; Farina, Benedetto; Pasquini, Massimo; Taddei, Ines; Biondi, Massimo; Imperatori, Claudio; Bersani, Francesco Saverio (2023-03-03)Purpose: Studies have shown significant associations of dissociative symptoms with both eating and addictive disorders; however, the different forms of dissociation have been relatively understudied in relation to food ... -
Distribution of Surgical Smoke Particles within a Simulated Laparoscopic Cavity Utilizing an AirSeal® System
Lathers, Steven; Krishnamoorthy, Mahesh; Vasdev, Nikhil; Tegan, Gary (2022-07-08)An exploratory study was performed to determine the distribution of surgical smoke particulate matter (SSPM) and evacuation times within an AirSeal® System and a traditional insufflation access system in various simulated ... -
Do people with intellectual disabilities understand their prescription medication? A scoping review
Smith, Megan; Adams, Danielle; Carr, Claudia; Mengoni, Silvana (2019-11-01)Background: People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience poor health than the general population and are frequently prescribed multiple medications. Therefore, it is important that people with ... -
Doctor or drug dealer? International legal provisions for the legitimate handling of drugs of abuse
Gallagher, Cathal; Atik, Sanaa; Isse, Libin; Mann, Sanpreet (2020-02-03)In this paper, we compare how five jurisdictions (the USA; UK; Canada; New Zealand; and Australia) balance the disparate objectives of preventing the misuse of drugs to the detriment of society and allowing their legal for ... -
Dopamine induces hyperpolarization of locust salivary gland acinar cells via D1-like receptors.
Keating, Christopher; Orchard, Ian (2001-07)The effect of dopamine on the salivary gland acinar cells of the locust was examined using conventional intracellular recording techniques. Application of dopamine induced a reversible, dose-dependent hyperpolarization of ... -
Dopamine releasing actions of NMDA in rat caudate putamen studied by fast cyclic voltammetry
Iravani, Mahmoud M.; Kruk, Z. L. (1992-07)Investigations in vitro (Clow & Jhamandas, 1989; Krebs et al., 1990) have shown that glutamic acid, acting at NMDA receptors in the absence of Mg2+ can stimulate the release of dopamine (DA) from nerve terminals in the rat ... -
Dopaminergic drug treatment remediates exaggerated cingulate prediction error responses in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Murray, Graham; Knolle, Franziska; Ersche, Karen D; Craig, Kevin J; Abbott, Sanja; Shabbir, Shaila S; Fineberg, Naomi; Suckling, John; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Bullmore, Edward T.; Robbins, Trevor W. (2019-08-01)Rationale: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been found to show exaggerated error responses and prediction error learning signals in a variety of EEG and fMRI tasks, with data converging on the anterior ... -
Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex Impairment in Methoxetamine-Induced Psychosis: an 18F-FDG PET/CT Case Study
Moccia, Lorenzo; Tofani, Anna; Mazza, Marianna; Covino, Marcello; Martinotti, Giovanni; Schifano, Fabrizio; Janiri, Luigi; Di Nicola, Marco (2019-05-27)Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) have currently become a major public health concern because of relatively easy accessibility to these compounds and difficulty in identifying them with routine laboratory techniques. ... -
Drowning in Diversity? A systematic way of clustering a representative set of new psychoactive substances
Zloh, Mire; Samaras, Eleftherios; Calvo-Castro, Jesus; Guirguis, Amira; Stair, Jacqueline; Kirton, Stewart (2017-11-17)New psychoactive substances (NPS) can be generally described as a set of compounds that have been designed to mimic the effects of illegal recreational drugs, but are not subject to restriction or control with respect to ... -
Drugs associated with prescribing errors in older patients in two English general practices
Olaniyan, Janice; Ghaleb, Maisoon; Umaru, Nikkie; Robinson, Paul; Dhillon, Soraya (2016-09-01)Medication errors have the potential to cause patient morbidityand mortality, and increase pressure on healthcare. Studies haveindicated that older patients may be more susceptible tosignificant risks of harm from prescribing ... -
The Dynamic Environment of Crypto Markets: The Lifespan of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and Vendors Selling NPS
Schifano, Fabrizio (2020-03-16)The Internet has played a major role in the distribution of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and crypto markets are increasingly used for the anonymous sale of drugs, including NPS. This study explores the availability ... -
Dysfunction in nitric oxide synthesis in streptozotocin treated rat aorta and role of methylglyoxal
Shamsaldeen, Yousif; Alsugoor, Mahdi; Lione, Lisa; Benham, Christopher (2019-01-05)Diabetic vascular dysfunction is a major complication of diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a dicarbonyl metabolite elevated in diabetic plasma that reacts with interstitial molecules to form advanced glycation end products ... -
Dysregulation of epithelial ion transport and neurochemical changes in the colon of a parkinsonian primate
Coletto, Erika; Tough, Ian; Pritchard, Sara; Hikima, Atsuko; Jackson, Michael; Jenner, Peter; Chaudhuri, K. Ray; Cox, Helen; Iravani, Mahmoud; Rose, Sarah (2021-01-21)The pathological changes underlying gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are poorly understood and the symptoms remain inadequately treated. In this study we compared the functional and neurochemical ... -
Dysregulation of TRPV4, eNOS and caveolin-1 contribute to endothelial dysfunction in the streptozotocin rat model of diabetes
Shamsaldeen, Yousif; Lione, Lisa; Benham, Christopher (2020-12-05)Endothelial dysfunction is a common complication in diabetes in which endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is impaired. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the TRPV4 ion channel in type 1 diabetic ... -
The e-psychonaut drugs’ psychopharmacology
Schifano, Fabrizio; Chiappini, Stephania; Corkery, John Martin; Scherbaum, Norbert; Guirguis, Amira (2021-04-01)The focus here was on the pharmacological and clinical pharmacological issues pertaining to the vast range of drugs (e.g. synthetic cannabimimetics, synthetic opioids, novel stimulants, novel psychedelics, PCP/ketamine-like ... -
The e-psychonauts’ ‘Spiced’ World; assessment of the synthetic cannabinoids’ information available online
Zangani, Caroline; Schifano, Fabrizio; Napoletano, Flavia; Arillotta, Davide; Gilgar, Liam; Guirguis, Amira; Corkery, John Martin; Gambini, Orsola; Vento, Alessandro (2020-03-02)Background: A wide range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) is regularly searched and discussed online by web-based drug enthusiasts (i.e. the e-psychonauts). Among NPS, the range of synthetic cannabinoids (SC; ‘Spice’) ...