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Browsing University of Hertfordshire by Author "Toxicology"
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14C Autoradiography with a novel wafer scale CMOS Active Pixel Sensor
Esposito, M.; Anaxagoras, T.; Larner, Joanne; Allinson, N.M.; Wells, K. (2013-01-07)14C autoradiography is a well established technique for structural and metabolic analysis of cells and tissues. The most common detection medium for this application is film emulsion, which offers unbeatable spatial resolution ... -
Absorption of the nerve agent VX (O-ethyl-S-[2(di-isopropylamino)ethyl] methyl phosphonothioate) through pig, human and guinea pig skin in vitro
Dalton, Christopher H.; Hattersley, Ian J.; Rutter, Stephen J.; Chilcott, Robert (2006-12)The physico-chemical properties of VX make the skin the most likely route of absorption into the human body. The development of effective medical countermeasures against such percutaneous threat agents relies on the use ... -
Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery
Patel, Viralkumar F.; Liu, Fang; Brown, Marc (2011-07-30)The successful delivery of drugs across the oral mucosa represents a continuing challenge, as well as a great opportunity. Oral transmucosal delivery, especially buccal and sublingual delivery, has progressed far beyond ... -
The application and limitations of mathematical modelling in the prediction of permeability across mammalian skin and polydimethylsiloxane membranes
Moss, Gary; Sun, Yi; Wilkinson, Simon C.; Davey, N.; Adams, Roderick; Martin, Gary P.; Prapopopolou, M.; Brown, Marc (2011-11)Objectives: Predicting the rate of percutaneous absorption of a drug is an important issue with the increasing use of the skin as a means of moderating and controlling drug delivery. One key feature of this problem domain ... -
Application of sebomics for the analysis of residual skin surface components to detect potential biomarkers of type-1 diabetes mellitus
Shetage, Satyajit S; Traynor, Matthew J; Brown, Marc B; Galliford, Thomas M; Chilcott, Robert P (2017-08-21)Metabolic imbalance in chronic diseases such as type-1 diabetes may lead to detectable perturbations in the molecular composition of residual skin surface components (RSSC). This study compared the accumulation rate and ... -
Assessment of a cyclone-type spacer device for use in dry powder inhalation
Parisini, I.; Cheng, S. J.; Symons, D. D.; Brown, Marc; Kostrzewski, A.; Murnane, D. (2013-08)Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are used widely in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapies. However, the lung deposition from DPIs is highly variable and patients with poor lung function can struggle to achieve ... -
Bioluminescent Francisella tularensis SCHU S4 enables non-invasive tracking of bacterial dissemination and the evaluation of antibiotics in an inhalational mouse model of tularaemia
Hall, Charlotte; Flick-Smith, Helen; Harding, Sarah; Atkins, Helen; Titball, Richard (2016-12-01)Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) enables real-time, noninvasive tracking of infection in vivo and longitudinal infection studies. In this study, a bioluminescent Francisella tularensis strain, SCHU S4-lux, was used to develop ... -
Biophysical measurements of human forearm, skin in vivo : effects of site, gender, chirality and time
Chilcott, Robert; Farrar, R. (2000-05)Background/aims: Measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin colour are biophysical techniques commonly used to measure the in vivo skin effects of cosmetics, topical medicaments and chemical irritants. The ... -
Captagon: Use and Trade in the Middle East
Al-Imam, Ahmed; Santacroce, Rita; Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres; Chilcott, Robert; Martinotti, G.; Bersani, Giuseppe; Corazza, Ornella (2017-05-31)Fenetheylline, a psychostimulant drug, often branded as Captagon, is a combination of amphetamine and theophylline. Since the cessation of its legal production in 1986, counterfeited products have been produced illicitly ... -
Characterization of latent heat-releasing phase change materials for dermal therapies
Wood, D.G.; Brown, Marc; Jones, S. A.; Murnane, D. (2011-04-28)Phase change materials (PCMs) have been developed as heat storage solutions, particularly for the supply of “green” energy. One interesting use of PCMs is long-term energy storage, in which a phase transition is triggered ... -
Classification of irritant/ non-irritant and corrosive chemicals using excised human skin in vitro
Stewart, C.A.; Turner, Rob B.; Brown, Marc; Traynor, M.J. (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014-04-14)Any chemical that is applied to the skin has the potential to induce a skin reaction. These reactions are complicated and are difficult to fully replicate in vitro and may exhibit species variations when reproduced in vivo. ... -
Clinical manifestations of VX poisoning following percutaneous exposure in the domestic white pig
Chilcott, Robert; Dalton, C. H.; Hill, I.; Davidson, C. M.; Blohm, K. L.; Hamilton, M. G. (2003-05)Nerve agents are a class of organophosphorus chemicals that inhibit certain cholinesterase enzymes (ChE). If untreated, percutaneous exposure to nerve agents, such as VX (O-ethyl-S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosph ... -
Closed cup vapor systems in percutaneous exposure studies : What is the dose?
Dalton, C. H.; Maidment, Michael P.; Jenner, J.; Chilcott, Robert (2006-04)Percutaneous vapor dosing studies have generally used saturated vapor concentration (SVC) measurements to estimate the exposure dose (Ct) of vapor produced from a volatile liquid within a closed system. The purpose of this ... -
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin mutant Y30A-Y196A as a recombinant vaccine candidate against enterotoxemia
Bokori-Brown, Monika; Hall, Charlotte; Vance, Charlotte; Fernandes da Costa, SP; Savva, CG; Naylor, Claire; Cole, AR; Basak, AK; Moss, DS; Titball, Richard (2014-05-13)Epsilon toxin (Etx) is a β-pore-forming toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes B and D and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of enterotoxemia, a severe, often fatal disease of ruminants that causes ... -
Collection and characterisation of residual skin surface components obtained from sebum, sweat and epidermal lipids
Shetage, S.S.; Traynor, M.J.; Brown, Marc; Chilcott, Robert (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014-04-14)Collection and analysis of skin surface lipids or sebum has been reported in several previous studies where Sebutape™, polyurethane foam, cigarette paper and organic solvents were used to acquire samples, analysis of which ... -
Controlling barrier penetration via exothermic iron oxidation
Wood, Daniel G.; Brown, Marc; Jones, Stuart A. (2011-02-14)Exothermic iron oxidation is an elegant means to generate heat, with the potential to modulate barrier penetration if reaction kinetics can be controlled. This aim of this study was to gain a fundamental understanding of ... -
Decontamination and Management of Contaminated Hair following a CBRN or HazMat Incident
Matar, Hazem; Tavares Pinhal, Andreia; Amer, Nevine; Barrett, Mark; Thomas, Elliot; Hughes, Philip; Larner, Joanne; Chilcott, Robert (2019-09)This in vitro study evaluated the “triple protocol” of dry decontamination, the ladder pipe system (a method for gross decontamination), and technical decontamination for the decontamination of hair following chemical ... -
Decontamination of multiple casualties who are chemically contaminated : a challenge for acute hospitals
Clarke, S.F.; Chilcott, Robert; Wilson, J.C.; Kamanyire, R.; Baker, D.J.; Hallett, A. (2008-03-01)Patients who have been contaminated by chemical compounds present a number of difficulties to emergency departments, in particular, the risk of secondary contamination of healthcare staff and facilities. The Department of ... -
Dermabrasion - a novel concept in the surgical management of sulphur mustard injuries
Rice, P.; Brown, Roger F. R.; Lam, D. G. K.; Chilcott, Robert; Bennett, N. J. (2000-02)Since its first use on the battlefields of Northern France during the First World War (1914-1918), sulphur mustard has remained a significant chemical threat to military forces around the world. Progress towards an effective ... -
Design and characterisation of a novel in vitro skin diffusion cell system for assessing mass casualty decontamination systems
Matar, H.; Larner, J.; Kansagra, S.; Atkinson, K. L.; Skamarauskas, J. T.; Amlot, R.; Chilcott, Robert (2014-06-30)The efficient removal of contaminants from the outer surfaces of the body can provide an effective means of reducing adverse health effects associated with incidents involving the accidental or deliberate release of hazardous ...