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Browsing by Author "Wilcox, M. H."
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Activity of vancomycin against epidemic Clostridium difficile strains in a human gut model
Baines, Simon D.; O'Connor, Rachel; Saxton, Katie; Freeman, Jane; Wilcox, M. H. (2009)Vancomycin and metronidazole remain the only primary options for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Recent reports have suggested a superior clinical response to vancomycin therapy compared with ... -
Antimicrobial resistance and reduced susceptibility in Clostridium difficile: potential consequences for induction, treatment, and recurrence of C. difficile infection.
Baines, Simon D.; Wilcox, M. H. (2015-07-10)Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a substantial burden on healthcare systems and is likely to remain so given our reliance on antimicrobial therapies to treat bacterial infections, especially in an aging ... -
The changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections
Freeman, J.; Bauer, M. P.; Baines, Simon D.; Corver, J.; Fawley, W. N.; Goorhuis, B.; Kuijper, E. J.; Wilcox, M. H. (2010)The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed dramatically during this millennium. Infection rates have increased markedly in most countries with detailed surveillance data. There have been clear ... -
Characterization of the sporulation initiation pathway of Clostridium difficile and its role in toxin production
Underwood, Sarah; Guan, Shuang; Vijayasubhash, Vinod; Baines, Simon D.; Graham, Luke; Lewis, Richard J.; Wilcox, M. H.; Stephenson, Keith (2009)Clostridium difficile is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity in the hospitalized elderly. C. difficile spores are infectious and are a major factor contributing to nosocomial transmission. The Spo0A response ... -
Effects of exposure of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes 027 and 001 to fluoroquinolones in a human gut model
Saxton, Katie; Baines, Simon D.; Freeman, Jane; O'Connor, Rachael; Wilcox, M. H. (2009)The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection is increasing, with reports implicating fluoroquinolone use. A three-stage chemostat gut model was used to study the effects of three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ... -
Efficacy of hospital cleaning agents and germicides against epidemic Clostridium difficile strains
Fawley, Warren N; Underwood, Sarah; Freeman, Jane; Baines, Simon D.; Saxton, Katie; Stephenson, Keith; Owens, Robert C.; Wilcox, M. H. (2007)To compare the effects of hospital cleaning agents and germicides on the survival of epidemic Clostridium difficile strains. -
Efficacy of novel antimicrobial agent SMT-19969 (SMT) against simulated Clostridium difficile infection in an in vitro human gut model
Baines, Simon D.; Freeman, J.; Huscroft, Grace S.; Todhunter, Sharie L.; Wilcox, M. H.; Vickers, R. (2011-09)Background: C. difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhoea. Current CDI therapy is limited to metronidazole (M) or vancomycin. Recent evidence suggests reduced M efficacy and emergence of reduced ... -
Emergence of reduced susceptibility to metronidazole in Clostridium difficile
Baines, Simon D.; O'Connor, Rachael; Freeman, Jane; Fawley, Warren N; Harmanus, Celine; Mastrantonio, Paola; Kuijper, Ed J.; Wilcox, M. H. (2008)Antimicrobial treatment for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has typically been metronidazole, although reports have questioned the efficacy of this option. We screened recently isolated C. difficile (2005-06) for ... -
Evaluation of linezolid for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection caused by epidemic strains using an in vitro human gut model
Baines, Simon D.; Noel, Alan R.; Huscroft, Grace S.; Todhunter, Sharie L.; O'Connor, Rachael; Hobbs, Joanne K.; Freeman, Jane; Lovering, Andy M.; Wilcox, M. H. (2011)Therapeutic options in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are limited. We examined linezolid activity in vitro and potential therapeutic efficacy using a gut model of CDI. -
Evaluation of the effect of oritavancin on Clostridium difficile spore germination, outgrowth and recovery
Chilton, C. H.; Freeman, J.; Baines, Simon D.; Crowther, G. S.; Nicholson, S.; Wilcox, M. H. (2013)OBJECTIVES: Previous work suggests oritavancin may be inhibitory to Clostridium difficile spores. We have evaluated the effects of oritavancin exposure on C. difficile spore germination, outgrowth and recovery. METHODS: ... -
In vitro activity of cadazolid against clinically relevant Clostridium difficile isolates and in an in vitro gut model of C. difficile infection
Chilton, C. H.; Crowther, G. S.; Baines, Simon D.; Todhunter, S. L.; Freeman, J.; Locher, H. H.; Athanasiou, A.; Wilcox, M. H. (2013-10-14)Abstract Objectives We investigated the in vitro activity of cadazolid against 100 Clostridium difficile isolates and its efficacy in a simulated human gut model of C. difficile infection (CDI). Methods MICs of cadazolid, ... -
In vitro assessment of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 002: the most prevalent C. difficile ribotype in the United Kingdom.
Baines, Simon; Ameh, Iye; Freeman, Jane; Fawley, W N; Wilcox, M. H. (2015-08-25)Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes substantial morbidity and healthcare expenditure across Europe. UK prevalence of C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 (NAP1) has declined dramatically recently and other ... -
In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium difficile to SMT19969 and comparators, as well as the killing kinetics and post-antibiotic effects of SMT19969 and comparators against C. difficile
Corbett, D.; Wise, A.; Birchall, S.; Warn, P.; Baines, Simon D.; Crowther, G.; Freeman, J.; Chilton, C. H.; Vernon, J.; Wilcox, M. H.; Vickers, R. J. (2015-06-01)OBJECTIVES: SMT19969 is a novel antimicrobial under clinical development for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The objective was to determine the comparative susceptibility of 82 C. difficile clinical ... -
Nitazoxanide is active against Clostridium difficile strains with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole
Freeman, Jane; Baines, Simon D.; Todhunter, Sharie L.; Huscroft, Grace S.; Wilcox, M. H. (2011)Treatment strategies for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have changed little over the past two decades. Metronidazole and vancomycin continue to be the first-line antimicrobial treatments for CDI.1 While the drugs ... -
Short-term genomic stability of Clostridium difficile within patients and a gut model
Eyre, D. W.; Ip, C.; Harding, R. M.; Freeman, J.; Baines, Simon D.; Fawley, W. N.; Walker, S.D.; Crook, D. W.; Peto, T. E. A.; Wilcox, M. H. (2011-09)Background: Clostridium difficile (CD) whole genome sequencing (WGS) has potential to identify related isolates for transmission studies, even among otherwise indistinguishable strains, but depends on understanding the ... -
SMT19969 as a treatment for Clostridium difficile infection : an assessment of antimicrobial activity using conventional susceptibility testing and an in vitro gut model
Baines, Simon D.; Crowther, G. S.; Freeman, J.; Todhunter, S.; Vickers, R.; Wilcox, M. H. (2015-01-01)OBJECTIVES: We investigated the efficacy of the novel antimicrobial agent SMT19969 in treating simulated Clostridium difficile infection using an in vitro human gut model. METHODS: Concentrations of the predominant cultivable ... -
SMT19969 – a novel antibiotic for C. difficile : Clostridium difficile growth inhibition, spectrum of activity and resistance development
Vickers, R.; Tinsley, J.; Storer, R.; Wilson, F.; Dorgan, C.; Wren, S.; Wilcox, M. H.; Baines, Simon D.; Freeman, J. (2011-09)Background: C.difficile infection (CDI) is now established as a major healthcare issue. However, therapy options are limited and recurrent disease remains a significant problem. SMT19969 is the lead compound from a novel ... -
Tolevamer is not efficacious in the neutralization of cytotoxin in a human gut model of Clostridium difficile infection
Baines, Simon D.; Freeman, Jane; Wilcox, M. H. (2009)The efficacy of tolevamer, a nonantimicrobial styrene derivative toxin-binding agent, in treating simulated Clostridium difficile infection in an in vitro human gut model was investigated. Tolevamer reduced neither the ...