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    • Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4 butanediol (1,4-BD; BDO) : a literature review with a focus on UK fatalities related to non-medical use 

      Corkery, John; Loi, Barbara; Claridge, Hugh; Goodair, Christine; Corazza, Ornella; Elliott, Simon; Schifano, Fabrizio (2015-06)
      Misuse of gamma hydroxybutrate (GHB) and gamma butyrolactone (GBL) has increased greatly since the early 1990s, being implicated in a rising number of deaths. This paper reviews knowledge on GHB and derivatives, and explores ...

    • The Gamma Ray Burst section of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Brief Preliminary Report 

      Falcone, A.D.; Williams, D.A.; Baring, M.G.; Blandford, R.; Connaughton, V.; Coppi, P.; Dermer, C.; Dingus, B.; Fryer, C.; Gehrels, N.; Granot, J.; Horan, D.; Katz, J.I.; Kuehn, K.; Meszaros, P.; Norris, J.; Parkinson, P.S.; Pe'er, A.; Ramirez-Ruiz, E.; Razzaque, S.; Wang, X.; Zhang, B. (2008)

    • The Gamma Ray Burst section of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Brief Preliminary Report 

      Falcone, A.D.; Williams, D.A.; Baring, M.G.; Blandford, R.; Connaughton, V.; Coppi, P.; Dermer, C.; Dingus, B.; Fryer, C.; Gehrels, N.; Granot, J.; Horan, D.; Katz, J.I.; Kuehn, K.; Meszaros, P.; Norris, J.; Parkinson, P.S.; Pe'er, A.; Ramirez-Ruiz, E.; Razzaque, S.; Wang, X.; Zhang, B. (American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2008)
      This is a short report on the preliminary findings of the gamma ray burst (GRB) working group for the white paper on the status and future of very high energy (VHE; >50 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy. The white paper discusses ...

    • Gamma-ray burst dynamics and afterglow radiation from adaptive mesh refinement, special relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. 

      De Colle, Fabio; Granot, Jonathan; Lopez-Camara, Diego; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico (2012-02-20)
      We report on the development of Mezcal-SRHD, a new adaptive mesh refinement, special relativistic hydrodynamics (SRHD) code, developed with the aim of studying the highly relativistic flows in gamma-ray burst sources. The ...

    • Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Local Universe 

      Chapman, R. (2009-01-20)
      With energy outputs >~10^51 erg in 0.1-1000 seconds, Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful events yet observed in the Universe. As such they are potential probes of the very early Universe, back to the era of ...

    • Gamma-Ray Emission of 60Fe and 26Al Radioactivity in Our Galaxy 

      Wang, W.; Siegert, Thomas; Dai, Z. G.; Diehl, R.; Greiner, J.; Heger, A.; Krause, M.; Lang, M.; Pleintinger, M. M. M.; Zhang, X. L. (2020-02-04)
      The isotopes 60Fe and 26Al originate from massive stars and their supernovae, reflecting ongoing nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. We studied the gamma-ray emission from these isotopes at characteristic energies 1173, 1332, ...

    • A Gamma-Ray Flare in NRAO 190 

      McGlynn, T. A.; Hartman, R. C.; Bloom, S. D.; Aller, M.; Aller, H.; Filippenko, A. V.; Barth, A. J.; Gear, W. K.; Marscher, A. P.; Mattox, J. R.; Reich, W.; Robson, E. I.; Schramm, J.; Stevens, Jason; Teraesranta, H.; Tornikoski, M.; Vestrand, W. T.; Wagner, S.; Heines, A. (1997-05-01)
      We describe observations of the quasi-stellar object (QSO) NRAO 190 during a gamma-ray flare from 1994 August 9 to 1994 August 29. This QSO was serendipitously detected by the EGRET instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray ...

    • Gamma-ray spectroscopy of galactic nucleosynthesis 

      Diehl, Roland; Greiner, Jochen; Krause, Martin; Pleintinger, Moritz; Siegert, Thomas (2023-03-22)
      Diffuse gamma-ray emission from the decay of radioactive $^{26}$Al is a messenger from the nucleosynthesis activity in our current-day galaxy. Because this material is attributed to ejections from massive stars and their ...

    • Gamma-ray spectroscopy of positron annihilation in the Milky Way 

      Siegert, T.; Diehl, R.; Khachatryan, G.; Krause, M.~G.~H.; Guglielmetti, F.; Greiner, J.; Strong, A.~W.; Zhang, X. (2016-02-01)
      Context. The annihilation of positrons in the Galaxy's interstellar medium produces characteristic gamma-rays with a line at 511 keV. This gamma-ray emission has been observed with the spectrometer SPI on ESA's INTEGRAL ...

    • Garden Cities - Why Not? 

      Parham, Susan; Boyfield, Keith (International Garden Cities Institute, 2016-07-14)
      Here is a conundrum. Garden Cities are almost universally seen as a good idea, but we seem to have difficulties creating any new ones. Why is this the case? That question forms the basis of this paper. We want to know what ...

    • Garden Cities – Visionary, Popular and Viable? : Garden City Perspectives Paper 4 

      Parham, Susan; Downs, Anthony; Murray, Gavin (International Garden Cities Institute, 2018-10-01)
      In this paper we explore the question: how can new Garden Cities which are visionary, economically viable and popular be delivered? We summarise our ideas here and expand on them in the main body of the paper. The paper ...

    • Garden City Utopias and Everyday Life : exploring the spatial accessibility of Welwyn Garden City 

      Cureton, Paul; Versluis, Laurens (2015-11-12)
      The concept of utopia, for many people, may have extinguished but the power of imagining cities remains vital (Brook 2013). David Pinder’s (2005) call for critical utopianism in comparison to authoritarian forms of future ...

    • La Garden City, un précedent au service de l'enseignement du projet architectural : Entre théorie et expérimentations 

      Parham, Susan; Hardy, Matthew; Sadoux, Stéphane; Dubus, Nicolas (Parenthèses, 2022-06-20)
      The chapter explores how knowledge and understanding of the garden city model and practice expressed in Letchworth and Welwyn Garden Cities can be a foundation for teaching about garden cities within architecture and ...

    • La Garden City, une référence pour le requalification de la ville diffuse 

      Parham, Susan; Sadoux, Stéphane; Novarina, Gilles; Artis, Amélie; Ames, David (2017)
      Conceived at the end of the 19th century by Ebenezer Howard and implemented in Letchworth then Welwyn, the garden cities model is based on the desire to offer quality housing to the working classes. Since then, this model ...

    • Gas absorption and dust extinction towards the Orion Nebula Cluster 

      Hasenberger, Birgit; Forbrich, Jan; Alves, Joao; Wolk, Scott; Meingast, Stefan; Getman, Konstantin; Pillitteri, Ignazio (2016-08-29)
      We characterise the relation between the gas and dust content of the interstellar medium towards young stellar objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster. X-ray observations provide estimates of the absorbing equivalent hydrogen ...

    • Gas Content in Early Type Galaxies 

      del Rio, M.S.; Brinks, E.; Cepa, J. (2003)

    • Gas dynamics in tidal dwarf galaxies : disc formation at z=0 

      Lelli, F.; Duc, P. -A.; Brinks, E.; Bournaud, F.; McGaugh, S. S.; Lisenfeld, U.; Weilbacher, P. M.; Boquien, M.; Revaz, Y.; Braine, J.; Koribalski, B. S.; Belles, P.E. (2015-12)
      Tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) are recycled objects that form within the collisional debris of interacting/merging galaxies. They are expected to be devoid of non-baryonic dark matter, since they can form only from dissipative ...

    • The gas dynamics of NGC 4472 revealed by XMM-Newton 

      Kraft, R.P.; Forman, W.R.; Jones, C.; Nulsen, P.E.J.; Hardcastle, M.J.; Raychaudhury, S.; Evans, D.A.; Sivakoff, G.R.; Sarazin, C.L. (2011)
      We present results from a 100 ks XMM-Newton observation of the hot gas in the Virgo cluster elliptical galaxy NGC 4472. We find a surface brightness discontinuity ∼21 kpc north of the nucleus, consistent with being a contact ...

    • Gas dynamics of the central few parsec region of NGC 1068 fuelled by the evolving nuclear star cluster 

      Schartmann, M.; Burkert, A.; Krause, Martin; Camenzind, M.; Meisenheimer, K.; Davies, R.~I. (2010-04-21)
      Recently, high-resolution observations with the help of the near-infrared adaptive optics integral field spectrograph Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared (SINFONI) at the Very Large Telescope ...

    • Gas expulsion in massive star clusters?. Constraints from observations of young and gas-free objects 

      Krause, M.~G.~H.; Charbonnel, C.; Bastian, N.; Diehl, R. (2016-03-01)
      Context. Gas expulsion is a central concept in some of the models for multiple populations and the light-element anti-correlations in globular clusters. If the star formation efficiency was around 30 per cent and the gas ...